世界卫生组织发布了一份新出版物，列出了关键的监管人工智能（AI）对健康的考虑，该出版物强调了重要性建立人工智能系统的安全性和有效性，迅速提供适当的系统给那些需要它们的人，并促进包括开发人员在内的利益相关者之间的对话，监管机构，制造商，卫生工作者和患者。 

随着医疗保健数据可用性的增加和分析技术的快速发展—无论是机器学习，基于逻辑的还是统计学的，人工智能工具都可以改变卫生部门。世卫组织认识到AI在通过加强临床试验来改善健康结果方面的潜力；改善医疗诊断、治疗、自我保健和以人为本的护理；以补充卫生专业人员的知识、技能和能力。例如在解释视网膜扫描和放射学图像方面在许多人其他人中。 

然而、AI技术—包括大型语言模型正在快速部署，有时没有完全了解他们的表现，这可能是有益的，也可能是有害的。最终用户，包括专业人士和患者。使用健康数据时，AI系统可以访问敏感的个人信息，因此需要强有力的法律和监管，框架用于保护隐私、安全性和完整性，本出版物旨在帮助设置启动和维护。 

“人工智能为健康带来了巨大的希望，但也带来了认真的挑战，诱发不道德的数据收集、吉普斯西格特威胁和放大偏见或错误信息，”博士世卫组织总干事说。“这项新导航将支持各国有效监管AI，利用其可能性，无论是在治疗癌症还是探测结核病方面，同时风险。”

 为了应对日益增长的国家需求，负责任地管理人工智能健康的快速增长技术，改出版物概述了监管人工智能的六个领域，以促进健康。

WHO outlines considerations for regulation of artificial intelligence for health

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a new publication listing key regulatory considerations on artificial intelligence (AI) for health. The publication emphasizes the importance of establishing AI systems’ safety and effectiveness, rapidly making appropriate systems available to those who need them, and fostering dialogue among stakeholders, including developers, regulators, manufacturers, health workers, and patients.

With the increasing availability of health care data and the rapid progress in analytic techniques – whether machine learning, logic-based or statistical – AI tools could transform the health sector. WHO recognizes the potential of AI in enhancing health outcomes by strengthening clinical trials; improving medical diagnosis, treatment, self-care and person-centred care; and supplementing health care professionals’ knowledge, skills and competencies. For example, AI could be beneficial in settings with a lack of medical specialists, e.g. in interpreting retinal scans and radiology images among many others.

However, AI technologies – including large language models – are being rapidly deployed, sometimes without a full understanding of how they may perform, which could either benefit or harm end-users, including health-care professionals and patients. When using health data, AI systems could have access to sensitive personal information, necessitating robust legal and regulatory frameworks for safeguarding privacy, security, and integrity, which this publication aims to help set up and maintain.

“Artificial intelligence holds great promise for health, but also comes with serious challenges, including unethical data collection, cybersecurity threats and amplifying biases or misinformation,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “This new guidance will support countries to regulate AI effectively, to harness its potential, whether in treating cancer or detecting tuberculosis, while minimising the risks.”

In response to growing country needs to responsibly manage the rapid rise of AI health technologies, the publication outlines six areas for regulation of AI for health.